目　录

Unit 1　Introduction of Accounting　1
1.1　The Role of Accounting in Business　1
1.1.1　The Nature and Function of Accounting　2
1.1.2　The Division of Accounting　3
1.2　Accounting Ethics　5
Important Words and Special Terms　6
Exercise　7

Unit 2　Some of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles　8
2.1　The Monetary Convention　9
2.2　Accrual Basis of Accounting　9
2.2.1　The Cash Basis of Accounting　10
2.2.2　The Accrual Basis of Accounting　10
2.3　Going Concern　10
2.4　Matching Principle and Revenue Recognition　11
Important Words and Special Terms　11
Exercise　13

Unit 3　Accounting Equation and Double-Entry system　15
3.1　Accounting equation　15
3.2　Accounting　elements　15
3.3　Accounting elements in the accounting equation　17
3.4　T account　18
3.5　Double-entry System　18
Important Words and Special Terms　18
Exercise　19

Unit 4　The Journals and The Ledgers　21
4.1　Journal　21
4.2　Types of Journal　22
4.2.1　General Journals　22
4.2.2　Special Journal　23
4.3　Advantages of Using Journals　24
4.4　Ledger　24
4.4.1　General Ledger　25
4.4.2　Subsidiary Ledger　26
Important Words and Special Terms　28
Exercises　28

Unit 5　Accounting Cycle　33
5.1　Identify transactions to be recorded　33
5.2　Journalizing　34
5.3　Posting from Journal to Ledger　35
5.4　Preparing Unadjusted Trial Balance　38
5.4.1　Accounting Basis　39
5.4.2　Adjusting entries　39
5.5　The Adjusted Trial Balance　45
5.6　Closing　50
Important Words and Special Terms　54
Exercises　55

Unit 6　Assets　60
6.1　Current Asset　61
6.1.1　Cash　61
6.1.2　Account Receivable　62
6.1.3　Inventory　65
6.2　Fixed Assets　67
6.2.1　Measuring the cost of Property, Plant and Equipment　67
6.2.2　Depreciable　67
6.3　Intangible Assets　70
Important Words and Special Terms　70
Exercises　71

Unit 7　Liabilities　74
7.1　Current liabilities　74
7.1.1　Short-term Bills (notes) and Accounts payable　75
7.1.2　Accrued expenses　75
7.1.3　Unearned revenues　76
7.1.4　Current maturities of Long-term debts　76
7.1.5　Contingent liabilities　76
7.2　Long-term liabilities　76
7.2.1　Long-term loans payable　76
7.2.2　Long-term accounts payable　77
7.2.3　Bonds (debenture) payable　77
Important Words and Special Terms　79
Exercises　79

Unit 8　Owner’s equity　81
8.1　Paid-up capital　82
8.1.1　Ordinary shares (common stock)　82
8.1.2　Preference shares (preferred stock)　83
8.2　Retained profits are earned from the customers　83
Important Words and Special Terms　84
Exercises　84

Unit 9　Balance Sheet and Income Statement　86
9.1　Balance Sheet　86
9.1.1　Purpose of Balance Sheet　86
9.1.2　Format of Balance Sheet　87
9.1.3　Advantages and Limitation of the Balance Sheet　91
9.2　Income statement　92
9.2.1　The function of income statement　92
9.2.2　Single-step Income Statement　93
9.2.3　Multiple-step Income Statement　95
Important Words and Special Terms　97
Exercises　98

Unit 10　Cash Flow Statement　99
10.1　The Role of Cash Flow Statement　99
10.1.1　Meaning of “Cash Flows”　99
10.1.2　Importance of Cash Flow Statement　100
10.2　Categories of Cash Flow　101
10.2.1　Operating Activities　101
10.2.2　Investing Activities　104
10.2.3　Financing Activities　105
10.2.4　Direct and Indirect Methods of Reporting　106
10.3　Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows　111
Important Words and Special Terms　111
Exercises　112

Appendix I　参考答案　117

Appendix II　课文参考译文　127
第 1单元　会计概论　127
第 2单元　公认会计原则　130
第3单元　会计等式和复式记账　132
第4单元　日记账和分类账　134
第5单元　会计循环　139
第6单元　资产　158
第7单元　负债　166
第8单元　所有者权益　170
第9单元　资产负债表和损益表　172
第 10单元　现金流量表　181

参考文献　192